| Engineering departments may experience a barrier to free and open communication vertically upward from subordinates to managers. What is the primary reason for this barrier to communication? |
| A) The very fact that managers are more technically proficient than their subordinates often creates a barrier to open and free communication vertically upward. |
| B) The very fact that managers are usually older than their subordinates often creates a barrier to open and free communication vertically upward. |
| C) The very fact that managers are more knowledgeable than their subordinates often creates a barrier to open and free communication vertically upward. |
| D) The very fact that managers have authority, status and power over their subordinates often creates a barrier to open and free communication vertically upward. |
